Thursday 20 October 2016

Ch-ch-ch-changes...

I have had the privilege over the past three years of having two Post-Graduate qualifications funded through the Ministry of Education, my school, Unitec, and the NEXT Generation scholarship. The study required from these two qualifications has impacted greatly on my teaching practice/pedagogy.

Key changes in my practice

The biggest change that has occurred within my teaching practice is the amount of reflection that I undertake.  Prior to studying, I would reflect briefly, about what went well or what I would do differently to improve next time.  Ostermand and Kottkamp (1993) describe reflective practice as being "a means by which practitioners can develop a great level of self-awareness about the nature and impact of their performance" and that this "creates opportunities for professional growth and development" (p 2).  I have found that as I become an increasingly reflective practitioner that I have become far more aware of how my actions affect the performance and outcomes of my students' achievement and well-being.  
I have also found that through increasing my reflective practice, I am much more open to reading professional research and publications.  Prior to study I had very little inclination to read educational articles/books as I couldn't see how they would relate to my teaching practice.  I'm definitely eating my words now!  It's amazing how reading one or two articles could make you question how you teach something, or spark an idea.  The latest publication that I have read (other than articles for assignments) was Grant Lictman's book #EdJourney.  This book was about how different schools around the United States are being innovative in their schools.  It was a very engaging read, which I would recommend to any educator.  I'd also recommend watching the keynote Grant Lichtman did at uLearn 2015 when you have a spare 3/4 of an hour. 

PTC (Practising Teacher Criteria) - formally RTC (Registered Teacher Criteria

The two criterion that I believe have been impacted the greatest by completing my study are Criterion 1 and Criterion 4.
The working relationships that I have with my students have grown.  I have been fortunate to have a core group of students that have followed me through this learning process.  They were Year 4 in 2014 when I began my first Post-Grad study and are now Year 6 this year as I complete this Post-Grad course.  These students have been my 'guinea pigs' (I get eye-rolls now when I say that I've learnt something new that we're going to try!).  They have seen GAFE and Chromebooks integrated into everyday activities.  They are confident users of digital technology - even when they do not have access at home.  These students are used by other teachers for help when needed.  When I am away at workshops/courses I get emails from my students letting me know what's going on and asking for help.  

Criteria 1 achievement:
  • less teacher talk, more student talk time (a continual struggle!)
  • using tools such as Google Forms and Padlet to gather student voice - this can be done anonymously if needed
  • commenting on Google Apps means instant feedback/feedforward, from teacher or students
  • using google Classroom to organise activities and tasks
  • students setting up their own blogs, an example of their learning to share with friends, parents and whanau around NZ and the world
  • parents/whanau using email to contact me, and vice versa, rather than letting questions and concerns slide


My PLD (Professional Learning and Development) is non-stop.  I can continuously be up-skilling myself, and keeping up with the latest educational opinions through the use of digital tools.  Twitter, Facebook, the VLN, Google+, and webinars enable me to connect with other like-minded educators, engaging in thought-provoking discussions and sharing ideas that have (or haven't worked).  

Through connecting online this past holidays (Sept-Oct holiday break), I was able to follow the uLearn 2016 conference that was held in Rotorua.  Attending in person was not an option this year, but I could follow the keynotes through the twitter hashtag #ulearn16 and #notatulearn, and have conversations with fellow educators from around New Zealand (and the globe).

Criterion 4 achievements:
  • participating and contributing to twitter discussions - #edchatnz, #whatisschool, #ulearn16, #notatulearn16
  • contributing to educational discussions, helping other teachers on Facebook through the NZ Teachers (Primary) page
  • contributing to the Google + Mindlab 2016 March intake community
  • watching TedTalks, EdTalks, or similar educational clips on YouTube or Vimeo
  • utilising the portal for this course!


Dreams for the future...

I want to continue to use digital technology in a seamless way - not as an added extra, but as a normal part of classroom practice.  I want my students to be able to create products, not just consume.  I want my students to know how to interact positively online and know how to create a digital footprint that they can be proud of.  

I want to keep using the Design Thinking process with my students.  I want them to be able to solve real-life problems creatively and collaboratively.  My dream is for my students to understand that there is not only one solution to a problem.  That they don't have to settle for what they are told.  I want them to feel empowered, ready to tackle life after 'school'.

Change has been the key idea that has sprung out for me during my study.  We need to change our mindset.  Our world is changing.  As educators we need to change the way we further our PLD.  And change is why we are in education - we are here to change lives.




References

Osterman, K. & Kottkamp, R.(1993). Reflective Practice for Educators.California.Cornwin Press, Inc. Retrieved on 18 October, 2016 fromhttp://www.itslifejimbutnotasweknowit.org.uk/files.

Ministry of Education (nd). Practising teacher Criteria and e-learning . Retrieved from http://elearning.tki.org.nz/Professional-learning/

Sunday 16 October 2016

Connect 4... or 5...

As a primary school teacher at a small school (less than 130 students), it can be challenging to make interdisciplinary connections.  To gain access to specialist services ie RTLBs, speech language therapists, health professionals etc, can be very challenging.  Other than other teaching staff at school, my largest connections would be teachers from different settings that use Twitter to discuss different educational subjects.

Potential interdisciplinary connections will be with specialist services, RTLBs (Resource Teachers of Learning and Behaviour), and members of our newly formed Community of Learning (CoL).  These potential connections rely on who my students will be in 2017 and how the CoL ends up working.

I believe that it is important for educators to understand how all areas of our education system works in order to give our students the best chance of reaching their potential.  It's also important that teachers from different disciplines, or have different curriculum strengths, work together.

There are many benefits of working across disciplines.  Mathison and Freeman (1997) state that

"Interdisciplinary, integrate, and integrative studies represent an opportunity
to: have more meaningful relations with students; teach cognitive skills
associated with 'real life'...; motivate students; increase student achievement;
promote positive attitudes towards subject matter; create more curricular
flexibility' diminish scheduling problems; and integrate new and rapidly
changing information with increased time efficiency" (pp 22-23)

By integrating curriculum areas/subjects, teachers are able to make better use of class time.  Teacher will be able to remove the division between subjects and address content in more depth.  Students are able to use the time to understand important ideas and concepts, and make connections between subjects.  Teachers are also able to personalise instructions for students.  There is the ability to produce multiple responses to the context, therefore allowing teachers to assess the understanding in a variety of ways. This also allows the teacher to build upon students' prior knowledge.  Through integration, students also have the chance to master skills and concepts through authentic tasks that they likely to come across in their lives outside of school (Barton and Smith, 2000 p.54).

Below is a video of Grant Lichtman discussing the innovative learning integration being used at Hobsonville Point Secondary School in Auckland.  This video shows how this secondary school is taking down the division of subjects at a high school level.



To ensure our students are prepared to leave the education system and join the workforce, we as educators need to make sure that they have all of the necessary skills to succeed.  


References

Barton, K. C., & Smith, L. A. (2000). Themes or motifs? Aiming for coherence through interdisciplinary outlines. The Reading Teacher, 54(1), 54-63.1.

Mathison,S.. & Freeman, M.(1997). The logic of interdisciplinary studies. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, 1997. Retrieved from http://www.albany.edu/cela/reports/mathisonlogic12004.pdf



Thursday 6 October 2016

#getconnected

Professional Learning Development (PLD) courses can cost the earth.  Not only the cost of the course, but it can cost your school money in reliever costs or Teacher Only Days that need to be added to the school year.  Educators and schools need to get smarter in how they look for PLD - especially when there is so much at their fingertips!

Virtually attending uLearn16 through Twitter
#ulearn16 and #notatulearn16 (5-7 October)
I've just spent a part of my day virtually attending #ulearn16.  Unfortunately I could not attend in person, but through the power of Twitter I got to read attendees reactions and thoughts of the keynote speakers and some of the breakout sessions.  As much as I'd rather be able to attend in person, the $828 registration + travel + accommodation was too much out of the budget for this year.  Although I could never get the full content of the keynotes and breakout sessions, I can still participate in discussions and pose questions to those who are there.  To me this is valuable PLD as I am constantly thinking critically about my own pedagogy and reflecting on my practice.

#edchatnz has been an invaluable source of PLD.  The fortnightly discussions (Thursday 8:30pm NZT) are engaging and make you think deeply and critically about the topic.  There are chats were I just read what others have to say, and other topics that I get really involved with.  These chats are not ones where you walk away thinking, "I'm going to try that tomorrow with my class" - these are chats that will make you reflect and possibly change your way of thinking.

Facebook is another way to connect with other educators from around the world.  I belong to a few different national and international teaching pages.  What I have found through using Twitter and Facebook is that Facebook discussions generally are very practical, classroom/resource based discussions, whereas on Twitter there is a lot more questioning of thinking/pedagogy and reflective discussions.  Both have there place.  Meulhuish (2013) states that "just because one is sharing information in a social network site does not mean that the comments one provides are theory driven or particularly formative in ways that impact on practice" (p 38).  This is true when resources or information is the only thing being shared.  In my opinion, the educational twitter chats are where you are more likely to find PLD.

@paerata8
It has been a focus of mine in 2016 to get my students more connected.  We have our own Twitter account (@paerata8) and each day one or two students tweet about something that they have done that day.  We have also joined the Chapter Chat NZ discussions that occur each Friday at 10am.  We read a number of chapters of a novel, complete a task - which is shared online - and answer a series of questions about the chapters.  A large focus for my class has been to reply to and comment on other students' work.  The joy and excitement of having someone comment on their task is immense, it gives their learning a sense of purpose.

Participating in a Chapter Chat NZ
twitter chat

I have the belief that it is important for educators to display positive digital behaviours for our students to see.  Our students are being exposed to social media at a young age, it is important for them to create a positive digital footprint. I have been lucky enough to hear Kevin Honeycutt speak a few times.  He promotes helping students to creative a positive online presence, and that educators need to allow their learners to explore new technologies in a safe environment.

To teachers that have yet to take the plunge and join conversations online, I sincerely urge you to get connected.  It takes a little while to find your feet, but believe me, you won't regret it.

Online communities that I have found beneficial as an educator:
Twitter: #edchatnz, #ulearn16, #gafesummit, #edchat, #digitaledchat
Facebook: NZteachers(primary), Encouraging Teachers, Genius Hour/20% Time, MakerEdNZ
Websites: MindShift, edutopia, Edtalks, TED talks, VLN


References

Melhuish, K.(2013). Online social networking and its impact on New Zealand educators’ professional learning. Master Thesis. The University of Waikato. Retrieved on 05 October, 2016 from http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/han.





Monday 3 October 2016

With great power comes great responsibility...

Photo credit:
http://imgfave.com/view/2544391
In the last week of term 3, I had asked my class for quiet for further instructions by saying "Fingers on lips".  This came from a TV programme I once watched, and I have a quiet chuckle to myself when my class follows the instruction (so far it has always worked).  After I had given the instructions, one of my Year 6 boys came up to me and said it looked like the class was picking their noses.  We both had a laugh, until I said, "If I asked you to do that, you probably would" to which he replied quietly, "Yeah, we probably would." Although it was a joke, it made us both stop and think...

Hall (2001) states that "teaching in school has long been considered a moral activity" and that teachers have the ability to influence young people (p 1).  This brings up an interesting question - whose morals are teachers following?  Every family, culture, nation has their own moral code that they follow, so in the day-to-day running of a classroom which morals do teachers follow?

In New Zealand, the Education Council has set up a Code of Ethics for all certificated teachers to follow.  There are four fundamental principles that govern professional interactions of teachers:

  • Autonomy
  • Justice 
  • Responsible care
  • Truth

Also, the Code of Ethics states four ways to apply these principles:

  1. Commitment to learners
  2. Commitment to parents/guardians and family/whanau
  3. Commitment to society
  4. Commitment to the profession
These guiding principles are there for teachers to use to remind themselves of what there commitments are.  They can be used to help those who find themselves in an ethical dilemma, as the code states how the obligations can be fulfilled.

Ethical dilemmas are, by definition, full of conflicting thoughts and ideas.  As an educator we are faced with a multitude of ethical dilemmas.  We are in loco parentis to a large group of children.  We have the responsibility not only to educate them in the content of the curriculum, but to educate them socially as well.  This in itself becomes an ethical dilemma - should teachers be responsible for responsible for students social skills?  

An ethical dilemma that most schools and educators are currently facing is how to educate students within an online world.  Which sites are most appropriate?  Should students be on YouTube?  Should students be using social media?

It is important that teachers take in consideration parents/guardians opinions, but also the commitment to the learners in your class/school.  This is a huge responsibility.












References:

Education Council. (n.d). The Education Council Code of Ethics for Certficated Teachers. Retrieved from https://educationcouncil.org.nz/content/code-of-ethics-certificated-teachers-0

Hall, A. (2001). What ought I do, all things considered? An approach to the exploration of ethical problems by teachers. Paper presented at the IIPE Conference, Brisbane.  Retrieved from  http://www.educationalleaders.govt.nz/Culture/Developing-leaders/What-Ought-I-to-Do-All-Things-Considered-An-Approach-to-the-Exploration-of-Ethical-Problems-by-Teachers


photo credit: Clint Hamada With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility via photopin (license)

Sunday 2 October 2016

He aha te mea nui o te ao, he tangata, he tangata, he tangata

He aha te mea nui o te ao 
He tangata, he tangata, he tangata
(Maori proverb)

A few years ago I travelled to see Uluru.  It was breath-taking.  What really interested me though was the short tour I was able to go on with a local Aboriginal guide.  He spoke of the cultural significance of Uluru, told us the local legends of the area, and then he spoke about how he was working to put together a curriculum for schools to teach students about their local Aboriginal culture.  That really knocked me for six - it was 2013 and there was no curriculum for learning about Aboriginal culture?

Not long after that trip, I met with my aunt who was visiting my parents.  I was wearing a t-shirt with
the colours written in Maori (as seen on the right).  When she asked me what it meant, I told her it was "the colour song" which she replied, "What song?"

This made me wonder if our curriculum was effective - were we really giving the Maori culture and language a fair go in our classrooms and in our society?

I teach at a small school that has predominantly Maori and Pasifika learners ( 57% and 36% respectively).  It has been a focus of our school to make sure we are including our student's cultures and language into our everyday programmes, and to create relationships with our students, parents and whanau.

In his video, Russell Bishop spoke about the teachers who can make a difference for Maori learners.  He spoke of teachers who have agency - teachers who understand themselves and are able to incorporate all of the necessary things to create a learning context where Maori students can bring themselves and their knowledge to the conversation, and reject deficit thinking/theorising.  Russell Bishop also spoke about how these teachers are not enough by themselves, they need support from their schools and the government, they need professional development to be able to carry on their work.  This is the type of teacher that I strive to be.

This year our school has begun working on the PB4L contract.  Through this work, we have had to closely look at and discuss our school values, goals, and vision.  What I believe has worked well so far on this project, is the inclusion of the students' thoughts and opinions.  The students are becoming more involved in the process and what is happening around the school.

One way that we have found that makes students feel a sense of belonging is our House groups.  We have four 'houses' that are made up from our student and teacher population.  We foster a sense of whanaungatanga with these houses.  Students are encouraged to participate for their house.  Families are kept together in the same house, and older students are encouraged to look after the younger students in a familiar way.  Over the past few years we have found that students have become more willing to help others, particularly those younger than them, in the playground - which I believe stems from the fostering of whanaungatanga.  This system appears to be working well for us, however it is under constant review to see if it can be any more effective.

Another way we foster whanaungatanga is through collaborative learning.  In the senior school this year we have started Robotics groups.  Each group consists of students from Years 5 to 8.  The interaction between the students is interesting to observe.  When the groups began the older students tended to take over, however as time has past you can see most groups working effectively together with age not being a barrier.


It is my belief that all teachers have a responsibility to include culturally responsive pedagogy into their everyday teaching practice.  Our students have an amazing amount of knowledge to share with us and each other.  It is important that they have the chance to share that knowledge and have it valued.

Photo credit: http://www.sliptalk.com/amazing-quotes-2/

References

Edtalks.(2012, September 23). A culturally responsive pedagogy of relations. [video file].Retrieved from https://vimeo.com/49992994





Tuesday 27 September 2016

Underneath it all, we are all MacGyver

photo credit: classic_film Richard Dean Anderson, MacGyver, "The Wish Child," 1986 via photopin (license)

Saturday 17 September 2016

What's up in my world... (Current issues in my professional context)

The relief that was felt in our staffroom in November 2014 was immense.  We received our decile rating change - dropping from a 4 to 1B.  It wasn't the money side of things that we were relieved about (although we knew that would be great!), it was the multitude of programmes that we were now eligible for that got us most excited - KidsCan, Duffy books, Fruit in Schools for starters.  We knew that "our kids" needed extra help to achieve their potential.
Our students receiving jackets from KidsCan and the
NZ Warriors (Wed 24 Aug 2016)

One of the most pressing issues facing our school currently is the low attendance rates across the school.  Over the past 3 terms, attendance rates have been monitored with term averages for classes being between 80 - 90%, and a few students with attendance rates below 70%.  To begin countering this issue we have put the following ideas into action:

  • building positive relationships with parents and whanau
  • Being involving in programmes,such as Kids Can, Fruit in Schools, Milk in Schools
  • extrinsic motivation, in the form of "prizes" for attending school each day for a week
  • senior students (Years 5 - 8) and parents being made aware of how much school they have missed through conversations, letters home
  • investigating different teaching pedagogies and learning styles that will engage students
APA (2016) states that students from low SES households and communities develop academic skills at a lower rate than those from higher SES households/communities.  This is one reason why the current attendance rates are so alarming.  Not only are our students missing out on learning opportunities, but research has showed that they may have delays in their learning. 

Alongside of the attendance issue, we also have a high level of transience.  Just under half of our school roll have started at our school within the last 12 months.  These are not 5 year olds - these students are spread throughout our classes from Year 1 through to Year 8.  The high rent within the Auckland housing market is one reason behind students moving.  Within the past 3 terms I have had two students from my class having to move out of their houses due to the landlords selling.  Luckily these students are still about to continue to come to our school - but with a significant distance to travel.  

Snook and O'Neill (2014) discuss the varying opinions on the correlation of students SES and their educational achievement.  I somewhat agree that some students who have grown up in a low SES household are disadvantaged when they begin their formal education.  These students may not have the chance to participate in extra curricular activities that broaden student's learning opportunities.  

As their teacher, I believe that it is part of my responsibility to ensure that their time in our class is full of learning experiences that cover all curriculum areas and expose the students to different ways of learning.  While in my class I want all of 'my kids' to be engaged and motivated to learn, I want them to want to come to school everyday.  Unfortunately the high transience levels are something that is out of our hands, however I believe that if students are settled, achieving to their potential and are enjoying going to school, parents will try to keep their children in the school.



References
APA. (2016). Education and Socioeconomic Status. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/education.aspx

Snook, I. & O'Neill, J. (2014). Poverty and inequality of educational achievement. In V. Carpenter & S. Osborne. (Eds).  Twelve Thousand Hours: Education and Poverty in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 19-43) Auckland, New Zealand:Dunmore Publishing







Saturday 10 September 2016

Who are my people?

Humans are social creatures.  We gravitate towards others who we see as having similar goals/values/mindsets.  Throughout our lives we move in social groups - family, whanau, friends, colleagues. These social groups are often also groups from which we learn skills and values we use in our lives.  So this begs the question - who belongs to my Communities of Practice?

My main work-based Community of Practice consists of my teaching colleagues at school.  We are a small staff, who are very supportive of each other.  We have all taught students at a variety of levels, and are able to understand and empathise with each other.  Reflecting on why we seem to work so well as a Community of Practice, I look towards the article written by Wenger (2000).

Wenger (2000) states there are three elements that define the competency of a community of practice (p. 229).

1.  Members are bound together by their collectively developed understanding of what their community is about and hold each other accountable -  there is a sense of joint enterprise.

2.  Build their community through mutual engagement; interacting with each other, establishing relationships and trust.

3.  Build a shared repertoire of resources and use it appropriately- language, routines, artefacts, tools, stories, etc.

When reflecting on these three competencies, it is clear that our teaching staff have a strong Community of Practice.  With such a small teaching staff, it is vital that everybody is about to interact positively with each other.  Everyone works towards a shared vision.  This is true for larger schools as well, however at a small school there is nowhere to hide - everyone is accountable all of the time.  When stressful times occur, members of our COP work together making sure everyone is able to get through and achieve what needs to be achieved.

Of the seven teaching staff members, four have been teaching in the school together for six years or more.  The trust in each other that has been developed over the years is essential for a community to work successfully.  These four members have had to work together through difficult times, helping each other achieve their work and personal goals.  The three newer members have similar values and work ethic which has made it easy to assimilate these members into the Community of Practice.

The third element has been enhanced this year with our school starting on PB4L (Positive Behaviour for Learning).  We are consolidating our shared language and routines around our school.  We share stories with each other, either for venting purposes or to ask for help and ideas.  We are all open with each other - we want each other to reach their potential.

I've always known that our school was special.  The people (staff, Board of Trustees and students) work hard to help each other.  The article by Wenger cements the idea that our little community is as good as we all believe it is.


References

Wenger, E.(2000). Communities of practice and social learning systems. Organization,7(2), 225-246

Sunday 20 March 2016

What is the purpose of education? Is it reflected in our classroom?

What is the purpose of education?  A lot of people would probably answer this question by saying "learning how to read/write/do maths" or "learn what you need to know to do a job".  I don't believe that this is what education is.  Dr Tony Wagner states that there are seven skills that students need for their futures (see clip below), and that it is our job as educators to teach these skills to our students.  He states in the clip that content knowledge is important, and that we shouldn't stop teaching knowledge.  However, it is imperative the students understand and use the seven skills appropriately.

The Seven Skills:
  1. Critical thinking and problem solving
  2. Collaboration and leadership
  3. Agility and adaptability
  4. Initiative and entrepreneuralism
  5. Effective oral and written communication
  6. Accessing and analysing information
  7. Curiosity and imagination


While watching this clip I began questioning and reflecting upon my own teaching practice.  Am I falling into the trap of teaching to the test?  Am I focusing too much on making sure my students are accelerating their learning to achieve the National Standards?  Am I putting enough emphasis on the key competencies?  Are the students in my class really engaging with the tasks or are they just going through the motions?  

I believe that purpose of education is to develop skills and knowledge to use in the wider community/world.  I don't believe that your education ever ends - you are always learning.  Is this reflected in our classroom? In some aspects, yes it is.  I am always using the expression "You learn something everyday", I am not afraid to say "I don't know", and I have had students teach me how to do something using digital technology in front of the class.  I have shared with my class what I have learned through my post-grad studies.  I really do believe in showing my students that I am learning too.  But would someone know this if they just walked into our room?  What can I change/modify to make the purpose of education more visible in the classroom?

Definitely something to ponder.




Saturday 19 March 2016

Am I a leader? Am I a thought leader?

Task: To create a 1 minute video stating what we believe knowledge is, using the group's physical representation of knowledge.

Creating a video from scratch using an unfamiliar programme was difficult as we had to work out the tricks and pitfalls.  Deciding upon which programme took time, as did uploading the photos needed.  If a programme had been decided upon quickly, we may have finished the task more quickly.  Next time, it will be important to quickly decide on the programme, preferably a programme that someone had used before.

After completing the task, we reflected on how we led and how we followed during the task.


How did I lead during this task?
I contributed and offered ideas about which video editing programmes were available, I asked the other group members what programmes they had and if they had used them before.  I also considered all ideas offered by other group members. When it came to editing the photos into a video it became apparent that the other members of my group had little knowledge of using editing programmes, so I offered the two options that I had and used the option that worked the quickest.


How did I follow during this task?

During the task I listened to all of others’ ideas and opinions. When having difficulty editing the video, I listened to the other members, and tried using their solutions to the problems.

When reflecting on the task, I feel that I led more than followed as I appeared to have the most experience needed for this task. However, I made sure that I didn't 'railroad' any of the other group members into using a particular programme, although if a decision needed to be made I made the call if no one else appeared to know what to do. I feel that every group member had an equal voice and was heard.